Refineries around the world form the critical downstream sector, refining crude oil into petrochemical products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heating oil, lubricants, asphalt base, and naphtha. This conversion of crude oil involves processes like distillation, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, and sulfur recovery. To achieve safe, efficient, and optimized operations, refinery operators must continuously balance performance with regulatory compliance and environmental responsibility.